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1.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 31: e3866, ene.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1431829

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto preliminar del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado. Método: cuasiexperimental pretest-postest, con alumnos de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución educativa. Muestra de 29 alumnos (Grupo Experimental) y 74 (Grupo Control). El Grupo Experimental solucionó cuatro escenarios bajo el método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas con los 7 pasos propuestos por la Universidad de McMaster, en un programa de Gestión del Cuidado en modalidad a distancia. El instrumento autoinformado evaluó las habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado pretesty postesten ambos grupos. Se obtuvieron valores medios y se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial (t de Student, t pareada, regresión lineal). Resultados: el Grupo Experimental obtuvo puntuaciones más elevadas en habilidades analíticas, de acción y globales que el Grupo Control (p<0,05). No se registraron diferencias en las habilidades interpersonales ni en el uso de la información. El Grupo Control no presentó diferencias significativas antes y después de la enseñanza habitual, mientras que en el Grupo Experimental sí se reportaron diferencias (p<0,05). Conclusión: a pesar de que existe poca evidencia en el desarrollo de habilidades de Gestión del Cuidado en Enfermería, el presente estudio demuestra que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas es un método efectivo y significativo en educación a distancia.


Objective: to assess the preliminary effect of Problem-Based Learning on Care Management skills. Method: a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test conducted with students attending the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing offered by an educational institution. The sample was comprised by 29 (Experimental Group) and 74 (Control Group) students. The Experimental Group solved four scenarios under the Problem-Based Learning method with the 7 steps proposed by McMaster University, in a Care Management program in distance mode. The self-reporting instrument assessed the pre- and post-test Care Management skills in both groups. Mean values were obtained and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed (Student's t, paired t, linear regression). Results: the Experimental Group obtained higher scores in analytical, action-related and global skills than the Control Group (p<0.05). No differences were recorded in interpersonal skills or in use of the information. The Control presented no significant differences before and after usual teaching, whereas differences were in fact reported in the Experimental Group (p<0.05). Conclusion: despite the fact that there is little evidence on the development of Nursing Care Management skills, the current study shows that Problem-Based Learning is an effective and significant method in remote education.


Objetivo: avaliar o efeito preliminar da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas nas habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado. Método: pré e pós-teste quase experimental, realizado com alunos do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino. A amostra foi composta por 29 (Grupo Experimental) e 74 (Grupo Controle). O Grupo Experimental resolveu quatro cenários sob o método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas com os 7 passos propostos pela McMaster University, em um programa de Gestão do Cuidado na modalidade à distância. O instrumento de autorrelato avaliou as habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado pré e pós-teste em ambos os grupos. Valores médios foram obtidos e estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas (t de Student, t pareado, regressão linear). Resultados: o Grupo Experimental obteve escores mais elevados em habilidades analíticas, de ação e globais do que o Grupo Controle (p<0,05). Não foram registradas diferenças nas habilidades interpessoais ou no uso da informação. O Grupo Controle não apresentou diferenças significativas antes e depois do ensino usual, enquanto as diferenças foram de fato relatadas no Grupo Experimental (p<0,05). Conclusão: apesar de haver poucas evidências sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades de Gestão do Cuidado de Enfermagem, o presente estudo mostra que a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas é um método eficaz e significativo na educação à distância.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Nursing , Universities , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Educational Measurement , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
2.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem ; 31: e3866, 2023 Mar 27.
Article in Spanish, English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36995854

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to assess the preliminary effect of Problem-Based Learning on Care Management skills. METHOD: a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test conducted with students attending the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing offered by an educational institution. The sample was comprised by 29 (Experimental Group) and 74 (Control Group) students. The Experimental Group solved four scenarios under the Problem-Based Learning method with the 7 steps proposed by McMaster University, in a Care Management program in distance mode. The self-reporting instrument assessed the pre- and post-test Care Management skills in both groups. Mean values were obtained and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed (Student's t, paired t, linear regression). RESULTS: the Experimental Group obtained higher scores in analytical, action-related and global skills than the Control Group (p<0.05). No differences were recorded in interpersonal skills or in use of the information. The Control presented no significant differences before and after usual teaching, whereas differences were in fact reported in the Experimental Group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: despite the fact that there is little evidence on the development of Nursing Care Management skills, the current study shows that Problem-Based Learning is an effective and significant method in remote education.


Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Students, Nursing , Humans , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Educational Measurement , Universities
3.
Hum Resour Health ; 20(1): 24, 2022 03 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35279168

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The close link between human resources for health and the performance of health systems calls for a comprehensive study of the labor market. This paper proposes a performance metric for the nursing labor market, measures its magnitude and analyzes its predictors over the last 15 years. DESIGN AND METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional analysis using data from the quarterly population-based National Survey of Occupation and Employment 2005-2019 (ENOE in Spanish). An aggregate total of 19,311 Mexican nurses (population N = 4,816,930) was analyzed. Nursing labor market performance was defined as the level of non-precarious employment of nurses in the health sector. After describing the sociodemographic, labor and contextual characteristics of the nurses surveyed, we identified the key correlates of market performance using repeated cross-sectional multiple logistic regression analysis. We then estimated the adjusted prevalence of market performance according to the survey period and socioeconomic region of residence. RESULTS: The exogenous indicators analyzed shed light on various aspects of the market structure. Unemployment remained stable at 5% during the period examined, but underemployment rose by 26% and precarious employment, our endogenous indicator, also grew significantly. On the whole, our indicators revealed a notable deterioration in the structure of the nursing labor market; they varied by age and sex as well as between public and private institutions. Although the steepest deterioration occurred in the private sector, we observed an increase in precarious jobs among public institutions formerly protective of employment conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The deterioration of the labor market jeopardizes the ability of nursing professionals to participate in the market as well as to obtain secure jobs once they do enter. The Mexican Health System suffers from a chronic dearth of nurses, reducing its capacity to achieve its core objectives including enhanced coverage and increased effectiveness. Nursing workforce planning requires a context where the conditions in which the market currently operates, and its potential deterioration are considered.


Subject(s)
Employment , Occupations , Cross-Sectional Studies , Economics , Humans , Mexico , Socioeconomic Factors , Unemployment
4.
Nurse Educ Today ; 100: 104790, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33652299

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The available literature suggests that diverse factors, including sociodemographic, academic, psychological, and occupational, can have impacts on nursing students' academic performance. Therefore, it follows that the institutional environment can mediate on these influences. OBJECTIVE: Based on a 10-years student performance follow-up information reservoir, to analyze the relationships between student performance and a set of sociodemographic and academic characteristics of students enrolled in the programs of Bachelor of Nursing (LE), and Bachelor of Nursing and Obstetrics (LEO), in the National School of Nursing and Obstetrics (ENEO) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). METHODOLOGY: The registers (n = 3984) from the Academic Control Integral System of the ENEO-UNAM were used. The students' main sociodemographic and academic characteristics were described, and multiple-regression models were estimated in order to identify predictors of school performance. RESULTS: Sustained increments in the enrolment of LE and LEO students during the study period. Changes were noticed regarding the sex distribution and the enrolment age. More students chose the LE program during this period. School performance was higher among female students, among students in their last semesters, and among students who had been granted a scholarship. In contrast, students who had previously failed a subject performed lower. CONCLUSION: The identified school performance predictors suggest the need to strengthen institutional policies aimed at promoting the achievement of academic excellence so that graduate students become better prepared to enter the labor markets and address the nursing demands of society.


Subject(s)
Academic Performance , Students, Nursing , Achievement , Female , Humans , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 28(4): 319-333, Oct-dic 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1344065

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAVM) es una de las infecciones vinculadas con la atención sanitaria más común en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Las investigaciones recientes han centrado su atención en el cumplimiento de la atención de enfermería concebida como un proceso y han dejado de lado elementos relacionados con la estructura de las unidades y el resultado de la atención. Objetivo: diseñar y validar el instrumento de auditoría de cumplimiento del protocolo de prevención de NAVM en una UCI. Metodología: es un estudio observacional y analítico con dos mediciones realizado en una UCI de un hospital regional al sur de la Ciudad de México con 360 observaciones sobre las medidas de prevención no farmacológicas en la UCI para prevenir la NAVM. Para la elaboración del instrumento se seleccionaron fuentes documentales, con extracción de recomendaciones por grado de evidencia y el proceso de validación mediante panel de expertos. Resultados: se obtuvieron recomendaciones con grados de evidencia altos y se realizaron ajustes al instrumento durante su creación posterior. El tiempo de aplicación del instrumento fue de 25 a 30 minutos. Se aplicó la prueba de Kuder-Richardson 20 como índice de consistencia interna con un valor de 0.878 en la prueba preliminar y de 0.853 en la aplicación final; se identificaron relaciones entre las dimensiones del instrumento y las respuestas similares intraobservador estadísticamente significativas. No se obtuvieron dimensiones subyacentes del análisis factorial exploratorio. Conclusiones: el instrumento mostró características psicométricas deseables que respaldan la confiabilidad de su medición; previa adaptación cultural, se considera viable su aplicación en procesos de auditoría y proyectos de mejora en unidades de cuidados intensivos por su fácil aplicación, su exhaustividad y aproximación al modelo de evaluación de la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria.


Introduction: Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (PAMV) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units (ICU). Recent re- search has focused on the fulfillment of nursing care as a process, leaving aside elements related to the structure of the units, or the result of care. Objective: Design and validate the instrument for auditing compliance with the PAMV prevention protocol in an ICU. Methods: Observational, analytical study, with two measurements, carried out in an ICU of a Regional Hospital in south of Mexico City, with 360 observations on non-pharmacological prevention measures in the ICU to prevent PAMV. In the elaboration of the instrument, documentary sources were selected, of recommendations by level of evidence were extracted, and process of the validation was carried out by a panel of experts. Results: Recommendations were obtained with high levels of evidence, adjustments were made to the instrument during its subsequent creation. The application time of the instrument ranges from 25 to 30 minutes. The Kuder Richardson 20 test was applied as an internal consistency index with a value of 0.878 in a pilot test and in a final application of 0.853, associations were found between the dimensions of the instrument and similar statistically significant intra-observer responses. No underlying dimensions were obtained from the exploratory factor analysis. Conclusions: The instrument presented desirable psycho- metric characteristics that support the reliability of its measurement; after cultural adjustment, its application in audit processes and improvement projects in intensive care units is considered viable, due to its easy application, exhaustive- ness and closeness to observe the evaluation model of quality of health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Care , Pneumonia , Quality of Health Care , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Validation Study , Hospitals, Public
6.
J Nurs Manag ; 28(5): 1010-1020, 2020 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32339361

ABSTRACT

AIM: To analyse sociodemographic and labour correlates of labour precariousness among Mexican nurses from 2005 to 2018. BACKGROUND: The progressive loss of labour rights has led to a situation characterized by precarious working conditions among health workers globally. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional and population-based study was carried out (N = 3,699,282). A generalized ordinal logistic regression model was estimated to assess correlates of precariousness. Precariousness was defined as a non-weighted score of the sum of five dichotomous variables: (a) non-written contract; (b) income lower than two times the minimum wage; (c) with a partial or an extended workday; (d) without social benefits; and (e) without social security. RESULTS: The labour precariousness level increased during the studied period, particularly among the younger and the older, the single ones and among those located in suburban and rural areas. Nurses with lower levels of training were more exposed to precarious conditions, as well as those with jobs in private health institutions or working outside the health sector. CONCLUSIONS: Precarious work is considered a combination of global and local labour factors, including the lack of protective labour policies in health institutions, which calls for the development of a public policy to protect jobs in the health sector. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Given that precarious work is considered a combination of global and local labour factors, including the lack of protective labour policies in health institutions, public health institutions should avoid nursing outsourcing employment as much as possible, and full-time contracts should respect the fundamental international and country-specific labour rights.


Subject(s)
Employment/classification , Nurses/classification , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Income/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Mexico , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Arch. med ; 19(1): 46-55, 20190330.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998833

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la utilización adecuada del control prenatal en gestantes de la delegación Iztapalapa del Distrito Federal de México. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo (entre diciembre 2014 y abril de 2015), en la delegación de Iztapalapa del Distrito Federal de México, con una muestra de 135 mujeres. Para recolectar la información fue utilizada una encuesta para datos sociodemográficos basada en la ENSANUT, un cuestionario de caracterización familiar, que incluyó el APGAR familiar, para medir la percepción de la funcionalidad familiar, y un cuestionario de satisfacción con los servicios de salud recibidos. Resultados: fueron incluidas en el estudio 135 mujeres embarazadas, con un promedio de edad de 26,7 años, la media de controles prenatales fue de 5, la razón principal de asistir es la de detectar alteraciones tempranas, además se sienten satisfechas con la atención brindada por el personal de salud y perciben un adecuado apoyo familiar. Conclusiones: la utilización del control prenatal mejora entre las mujeres primíparas, que conviven en familias nucleares y normofuncionales..(AU)


Objective: to determinate the use of antenatal care in pregnant women of the delegation Iztapalapa in the Federal District of Mexico. Materials and methods: sudy descriptive, retrospective (December 2014 to April of 2015), in the delegation of Iztapalapa of the District Federal of Mexico, it shows was constituted by 135 women. To collect the information is used a survey to data socio-demographic and characterization family based in the ENSANUT. Also used the instrument of assessment of family functionality (APGAR family) and satisfaction with the services. Data were coded in an array of data in the Microsoft Excel program and its analysis was performed by descriptive statistics using the statistical software SPSS version 23. Results: were included in the study, 135 women pregnant women, with an average age of 26,7 years, prenatal median was 5, the main reason to attend is the detecting early alterations, also they are satisfied with the care provided by health personnel and they have adequate family support. Conclusions: the use of the control prenatal is greater among primiparous women, that living nuclear families and that perceived their families as functional..(AU)


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Health Services Accessibility
9.
Open educational resource in Spanish | CVSP - Argentina | ID: oer-1016

ABSTRACT

El martes 5 de diciembre, a las 11:00 hs en el Salón Rojo de la Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM) de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, se realizó la Conferencia Abierta "Resultados de investigaciones en calidad y seguridad del paciente. Tema pendiente para la toma de decisiones" a cargo de la Profesora Titular de la Escuela de Enfermería y Obstetricia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Rosa Amarilis Zárate Grajales invitada por la Especialidad de Enfermerìa en el cuidado de el paciente crítico de la SGCS. FCM. UNC. Estuvieron presentes el Sr. Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, el Secretario de Salud Pública y Ambiente y Autoridades de la Secretaría. La conferencia también se transmitió de manera virtual por la sala del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública de la OPS Nodo Argentina.


Subject(s)
Nursing Care , Critical Care , Nursing Care
10.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 25(3): 227-232, Julio.-sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1031342

ABSTRACT

Resumen


Introducción: la notificación de eventos adversos por el personal de salud constituye un instrumento de mejora para establecer medidas preventivas en los sistemas de salud, ya que permite conocer el problema, su magnitud y los factores que lo condicionan. De ahí la importancia de explorar los factores que contribuyen u obstaculizan la notificación de eventos adversos.


Objetivo: validar el instrumento "Factores asociados a la notificación de eventos adversos por el personal de salud".


Metodología: se elaboró el instrumento conformado por 59 ítems, inmersos en nueve dimensiones y dividido en cinco secciones. El instrumento fue sometido a una evaluación de expertos y a una prueba piloto con una muestra de 30 individuos. Para la validación y el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de fiabilidad con alfa de Cronbach.


Resultados: la validación estadística interna obtenida fue una alfa de Cronbach de 0.817. Conclusiones: el valor del alfa de Cronbach obtenido en el instrumento tiene una fiabilidad buena. El instrumento cumple con los requerimientos necesarios para ser utilizado en estudios que exploren las barreras o factores asociados que influyen para que el personal de salud notifique la presencia de un evento adverso.


Abstract


Introduction: The notification of adverse events by the health staff is an improving instrument to establish preventive measures in health systems, given that it allows to know the problem, its magnitude and the factors related to this problem. Hence the importance of exploring the factors that contribute to, or impede, the notification of adverse events.


Objective: To validate the instrument "Factors associated with the notification of adverse events by the health staff".


Methods: The instrument consisted of 59 items in nine dimensions and divided into five sections. It was evaluated by experts and underwent a pilot test in a sample of 30 individuals. For the validation and statistical analysis we used descriptive statistics and a reliability analysis with Cronbach's alpha.


Results: The internal statistical validation obtained was a Cronbach's alpha of 0.817.


Conclusions: The value of Cronbach's alpha obtained in the instrument has a good reliability. The instrument fulfills the requirements in order to be used in studies exploring the associated factors that influence the health staff to report the presence of an adverse event.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude of Health Personnel , Validation Study , Risk Factors , Risk Management , Notification , Health Personnel , Patient Safety , Mexico , Humans
11.
Index enferm ; 26(1/2): 108-112, ene.-jun. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167078

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el análisis de los índices, cobertura de enfermería y mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles aporta a los tomadores de decisiones información basada en evidencia. Objetivo: identificar el impacto que tiene la cobertura de atención de enfermería en la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles en México. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico que utilizó información oficial de 2013 del Sistema Nacional de Salud sobre recursos humanos y daños a la salud. Resultados: se encontró que existe significancia estadística entre el índice de cobertura y la mortalidad, interpretándose que por cada punto porcentual que se incrementa la cobertura de enfermería disminuye la mortalidad en -.472. Conclusiones: el ejercicio de regresión lineal simple a nivel nacional demostró que existe significancia estadística entre cobertura y mortalidad ya que cuando se incrementa el primero, disminuye el segundo


Introduction: the analysis of the rates, nursing coverage and mortality from chronic non communicable diseases gives decision makers evidence-based information. Objective: to identify the impact of nursing care coverage in mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases in Mexico. Methodology: cross-sectional study using official data from the National Health System of human resources and damage to health of 2013. Results: it was found that there is statistical significance between the coverage ratio and mortality, interpreted that for every percentage point that nursing coverage increases mortality reduces in -.472. Conclusions: the simple linear regression exercise nationwide showed that there is statistical significance between coverage and mortality because when the first increases, the second diminishes


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services Coverage/trends , Nursing Care/trends , Chronic Disease/nursing , Evidence-Based Nursing/trends , Mortality/trends , Chronic Disease/epidemiology
12.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 25(2): 139-144, Abril.-Jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1031330

ABSTRACT

Resumen


En enfermería, sus teóricas disciplinares describen diferentes abordajes para el cuidado de las personas, recurriendo siempre al metaparadigma, obteniendo así una perspectiva teorizada del cuidado. En este sentido, los discursos que institucionalizan y sustentan su práctica tratan generalmente sobre apoyo, ayuda, autodeterminación, autonomía, confort, enseñanza del cuidado, humanismo, integralidad, limitación del daño, prevención de la enfermedad y/o promoción de la salud. No obstante, en la práctica diaria se demuestra que más que procurar acciones preventivas que tomen como punto de partida de intervención los determinantes sociales de salud para aportar un cuidado incluyente, transcultural y humanizado, la mayoría del quehacer cotidiano que se realiza se fundamenta en acciones que en el mejor de los casos son para la curación, o bien, para la contención de la enfermedad, es por ello que en la práctica diaria las acciones de prevención son minúsculas. Finalmente, la suficiencia de recursos humanos, materiales y financieros son el factor más importante para poder proveer cuidados seguros; la idoneidad o escasez de estos es el resultado conjunto de las políticas públicas prevalecientes, mismas que favorecen, o no, un sistema de salud justo e incluyente y son también las que mayormente impactan la realidad nacional en salud.


Abstract


In nursing, their disciplinary theorists describe different approaches to caring for people always using the metaparadigm, thus obtaining a theorized care perspective. In this sense the speeches that institutionalize and sustain their practice usually deal on support, help, self-determination, autonomy, comfort, care education, humanism, integrity, damage limitation, disease prevention and/or health promotion. However, in daily practice it is shown that rather than taking preventive actions that have as an intervention starting point social determinants of health to provide an inclusive, transcultural and humanized care, most of the daily work done is based on actions that in best-case scenario are for healing or for containing the disease, which is why in daily practice prevention actions are tiny.


Finally, the adequacy of human, material and financial resources are the most important factor to provide safe care; the suitability or lack of these is the combined result of the prevailing public policies that favor or not a fair and inclusive health system and are also those that mostly impact the national health reality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient-Centered Care , Social Determinants of Health , Nursing , Public Health Nursing , Humanization of Assistance , Social Indicators , Models, Nursing , Mexico , Humans
13.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 20(1): 45-56, Ene.-abr. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1031164

ABSTRACT

Resumen


Introducción: es reconocido que el trabajo de enfermería en el contexto hospitalario, el estrés tiene diversas fuentes y repercusiones en la salud física y mental de las enfermeras. Los efectos del estrés laboral se han descrito como síndrome de burnout (sb), por lo que en este trabajo se analizan los elementos involucrados en el problema.


Desarrollo: se presenta la evidencia científica sobre los factores que originan el sb: situacionales (características del trabajo, ocupacionales y organizacionales); individuales: (características sociodemográficas, de personalidad y actitudes hacia el trabajo) y la violencia hacia las enfermeras como un factor emergente. Se presenta la evidencia sobre las consecuencias en las enfermeras y en las instituciones, así como las intervenciones que han mostrado efectividad a nivel individual (intervenciones educativas y psicosociales) y a nivel organizacional.


Conclusiones: para la práctica es crucial que las enfermeras administradoras y el personal conozcan todo lo relativo al sb para prevenirlo e intervenir oportunamente. En investigación es prioritario construir una línea que supere las diferencias metodológicas que limitan comparaciones de prevalencia, factores relacionados y consecuencias en el contexto nacional. Es prioritario incluir la evaluación de intervenciones.


Abstract


Introduction: ¡t is recognized that nursing work in the hospital setting has several sources of stress with implications for nurses' physical and mental health. The effects of work stress have been described as Burnout syndrome (BS), so this paper examines the elements involved in the problem.


Development: it presents the scientific evidence on the factors causing the BS: situational (job characteristics, occupational and organizational), individual (sociodemographic characteristics, personality and attitudes to work) and violence towards nurses as an emerging factor. It presents evidence on the impact on nurses and the institutions and interventions that have shown effectiveness at the individual level (education and psychosocial interventions) and at organizational level.


Conclusions: for daily practice it is very important that manager nurses and staff know all about BS to prevent and intervene promptly. Research priority is to build a line that overcomes the methodological differences that limit comparisons of prevalence, associated factors and consequences in the national context. To include evaluation of interventions is a preponderant issue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional , Nursing Staff , Job Satisfaction , Mexico , Humans
14.
Washington, D.C.; OPS; 2011.
in Spanish | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-51547

ABSTRACT

[Prólogo. La seguridad de los pacientes es un aspecto crítico de la salud pública porque se relaciona con la respuesta organizada que la sociedad da a la población a través de la atención sanitaria. Los determinantes y condicionantes de la seguridad de los pacientes están vinculados con procesos inherentes a la asistencia, como la organización de los servicios y su capacidad para proveer una óptima calidad de atención, cuidar y proteger a los usuarios, anticipar daños y promover ambientes saludables, incluyentes y libres de amenazas a la integridad de las personas... Este libro es resultado del reconocimiento del papel clave que tiene la enfermería en la reducción de este problema continental. Las características de presencia, permanencia y contingencia de los servicios de enfermería sitúan a las enfermeras en una condición crítica, tanto por el riesgo de error como por su capacidad y potencialidad para proveer a la seguridad de los pacientes, en las prestaciones de salud, para promover medidas de protección para todo el equipo y la institución, y para establecer un proceso de vigilancia continua de la calidad de la atención.


Subject(s)
Nursing , Patient Rights , Health Services , Telemedicine , Patient-Centered Care , Nursing Research
15.
Rev. mex. enferm. cardiol ; 18(3): 65-70, Sep-Dic 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1035410

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La calidad de la atención en salud se define como el logro de los mayores beneficios posibles de la atención y es posible evaluarla mediante indicadores de estructura, proceso y resultado. El propósito de este estudio es presentar los resultados de la construcción de un indicador para la medición de signos vitales, procedimiento clave en la valoración clínica de las personas. Material y métodos: Con base en la metodología para diseño, validación e implementación de indicadores de calidad propuestos por la Comisión Interinstitucional de Enfermería así como la propuesta por diversos estudios reportados en la literatura sobre Gestión del Cuidado, se elabora un instrumento de auditoría para evaluar la calidad a través del índice de cumplimiento del proceso de toma de signos vitales en paciente adulto hospitalizado. Dicho instrumento está integrado por la ficha de identificación y 16 variables del proceso de toma de signos vitales, el cual fue evaluado a través del jueceo de expertos y mediante auditoría simultánea que consiste en observar y evaluar la toma de signos vitales en el momento en que las enfermeras realizan el procedimiento a los pacientes. La auditoría se realizó en 16 enfermeras que laboran en un instituto de salud de tercer nivel de atención en el Distrito Federal. Resultados: El estándar de desempeño esperado era del 100%, es decir, que todas las enfermeras cumplieran los pasos del proceso y se encontró un resultado de cumplimiento con 63.6%; así también el estudio mostró que el 94% del personal contaba con los recursos necesarios para realizar el procedimiento. Destaca que el 75% de los participantes auditados son enfermeras profesionales. Discusión: Es necesario ampliar el estudio a fin de estandarizar el proceso de auditoría de signos vitales e implementar un indicador para evaluar la calidad considerando la importancia que tiene para la toma de decisiones clínicas independientes, dependientes o interdependientes como elemento que contribuya a la calidad y seguridad del cuidado.


Health provision quality is defined as the achievement of the most possible benefits from intervention. Health provision quality can be measured by means of structure, processes, and outcome indicators. The objective of this study was to show the results of the formation of a vital-signs indicator. Vital-signs evaluation is one of the key procedures in clinical assessment. Methodology: Based on the design, validation, and implementation of quality indicators proposed by the Comisión Interinstitucional de Enfermería, as well as, on diverse literature reported studies on health management, we formed a review instrument to assess health quality provision through the fulfillment of the vital-signs taking process on hospitalized adult patients. This instrument was integrated by an identification card and 16 vital-signs variables, and was assessed through the review of experts by means of observation and evaluation at the moment in which the nurses performed the procedures. The review was carried on 16 nurses working for a Federal District third level health institute. Results: The expected performance standard was 100%, in other words that all nurses fulfill the steps of the process, but we found a 63.7% not-fulfillment rate. The study also showed that 94% had the necessary resources to perform the procedure, and that 75% were professional nurses. Discussion: It is necessary to broaden the study in order to standardize the vital-signs review process and to highlight the importance which a good indicator has for independent and dependent clinical decisions as a quality of care contributing element.


Subject(s)
Humans , Total Quality Management , Organization and Administration , Vital Signs/physiology
16.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 16(3): 155-160, Sep.-Dic. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-968325

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Mantener niveles altos de satisfacción laboral permite mejorar los procesos, fomenta el trabajo en equipo, aumenta la calidad de la atención de enfermería y el rendimiento de su productividad; así como la satisfacción de los usuarios. Objetivo: Conocer el grado de satisfacción laboral del personal de enfermería del Hospital General de México. Metodología: Se realizó estudio transversal, en una muestra aleatoria de 159 enfermeras que representan 10% del total del personal del Hospital General de México, la recolección de la información fue a través de un cuestionario ex profeso que contempló el modelo desarrollado por Herzberg. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 36 años, 63% tiene una escolaridad de nivel técnico, los hechos que le produjeron mayor satisfacción son: sanar y apoyar a los pacientes, reconocimiento de su trabajo por sus superiores, ingresar y pertenecer al Hospital General de México. Los factores de ambiente de trabajo y capacitación fueron satisfactorios; no así para el salario. Discusión: La satisfacción del trabajador en el desempeño de sus funciones es un factor determinante de la calidad de la atención; en este trabajo faltó profundizar en los aspectos extrínsecos de la satisfacción. Conclusiones: La satisfacción laboral intrínseca demostró estrecha relación con los principales factores que la originaron.


Introduction: Maintaining high levels of working fulfillment leads to improved processes, fosters teamwork, and increases the quality of nursing care and the performance of its productivity, as well as patients' satisfaction. Objective: Knowing the level of working fulfillment in nurses from the Hospital General de México. Methodology: We performed a cross-sectional study in a sample of 159 nurses randomly selected representing 10% of the total staff of the Hospital General de México, the information was recollected through a questionnaire that was specially developed following the model developed by Herzberg. Results: The average age was 36 years old, 63% had a technical education level, events that granted more satisfied to the nurses: were healing and supporting the patients; the recognition of their work by their superiors; working and being part of the Hospital General de México. The working environment and training were satisfactory, but not the wages. Discussion: Working fulfillment of the nurses is a determinant factor in the quality of the attention to patients. We need to deepen our study in the extrinsic aspects of this fulfillment. Conclusions: The intrinsic working fulfillment demonstrated a close relation among the principal factors that originate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Control , Quality of Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nursing , Hospitals, Public , Job Satisfaction , Mexico
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